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Finish Date: 04/01/2027
This project is conducted at Sakarya University, Middle East Institute under the coordination of Prof. Dr. Tuncay Kardaş and is supported by the TÜBİTAK 1001 – Scientific and Technological Research Projects Support Program(Project No: 223K553).
The project aims to analyze the mechanisms through which the Ottoman international order was constructed, maintained, and eventually declined during the early modern period (1450–1850) across Africa and Eurasia. It represents the first systematic academic study to examine the Ottoman experience not merely as an imperial model, but as a long-lasting and multi-layered international order.
The core research questions are as follows: What mechanisms enabled these diverse political and cultural units to remain together for nearly four centuries? How did political, economic, and military interactions function in a stable and long-term manner? To address these questions, the project employs a three-layered analytical framework consisting of micro, meso, and macro levels. At the micro level, the role of decision-making elites and administrative practices is examined; at the meso level, institutional and legitimacy-building mechanisms that structured political authority are analyzed; and at the macro level, the military, economic, and geopolitical strategies underpinning Ottoman power are explored. The research is based on a broad body of secondary literature accumulated in Ottoman historiography over recent decades, as well as primary sources, including approximately 200 Miri Ahkam and Mühimme Registers translated into modern Turkish by the Ottoman Archives.